40. What are the characteristics of fabric properties of different fibers?
Answer: The nature of fibers is the fundamental factor that determines the performance of fabrics. Therefore, fabrics woven from different types of fibers have their own unique properties.
(1) The main characteristics of cotton fiber are fineness, moderate length, softness and natural twist, good moisture absorption and warmth retention properties. Cotton fiber can not only be spun into medium and thick special yarns, but also into fine yarns. Special yarn. It can achieve the “silk finish” effect by moderately interacting with alkali, and the coloring performance is also good. For this reason, cotton fabric has excellent wearing properties such as softness, warmth, moisture absorption, breathability, and comfortable wearing. Its main disadvantage is poor wrinkle recovery performance.
(2) The main characteristics of wool fiber are natural curl, low initial modulus, small bending stiffness, strong elastic recovery and low thermal conductivity; wool has the highest hygroscopicity of natural fibers and good moisture dissipation; There are scales on the surface of the wool fiber, which makes the wool fabric have milling properties and makes the fabric smooth and soft. The wool fiber has a good affinity for dyes, so the color of the wool fabric is also more beautiful. Wool fabric is stiff and elastic, soft and body-like, smooth (slippery) and full. These are the so-called “hair-like feel”.
(3) Natural silk is slender and soft, has a smooth surface, is elastic, has strong hygroscopicity, and has a gorgeous and noble finish. Silk has a good affinity for dyes and is more elastic than cotton fiber. Silk fabrics are less prone to wrinkles than cotton fabrics. Therefore, silk fabric has the characteristics of smooth, stiff, refreshing, bright and good drape.
(4) The characteristics of hemp fiber are high strength, high stiffness, strong hygroscopicity and quick moisture release. The disadvantage is low elasticity and stretch. The woven fabric is stiff and breathable, and can easily absorb sweat emitted by the human body and dissipate it quickly.
(5) Chemical fibers: There are currently many types and rapid progress. They are changing with each passing day. Different fiber types have large differences in fabric properties. The following are the more widely used ones.
①Viscose fiber: its properties are close to cotton, but its strength is worse than cotton, especially its wet strength is low, its elongation is large but its recovery performance is small, its stiffness is small, its hand feels soft, it has strong hygroscopicity, good air permeability, and good colorability . Therefore, viscose fiber fabric is soft, comfortable to wear, bright in color and has good drape. The disadvantage is the lack of body bones and a “floating” feeling. It is easy to wrinkle and deform, has a large shrinkage rate and poor dimensional stability.
②Polyester fiber: high strength, good elasticity, strong wear resistance, large initial modulus when stretched, good rigidity, and strong deformation recovery performance. Polyester fabric is stiff, elastic, dimensionally stable, fast, and has excellent wrinkle resistance. The disadvantages are poor hygroscopicity, easy generation of static electricity, easy staining of fabrics, poor air permeability, and stuffiness when worn. But it is easy to wash, quick-drying, and does not require ironing. It is known as “wash and wear”.
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