What materials are aviation suits made of? What are the functions?
What we generally call space suits are divided into cabin space suits and extravehicular space suits. Strictly speaking, cabin space suits are not actually space suits. Compared with real space suits, their production is simply It is a world of difference. We are only talking about extravehicular space suits here. Space is a particularly harsh environment. There is no air for humans to breathe, and there is no atmospheric pressure. The temperature there is also very strange, and the scorching sun shines directly on it. On the one hand, the temperature rises very high, and when there is no sun shining, the temperature in the cold space is extremely low. On the other hand, strong cosmic radiation and flying meteorites are also huge dangers that threaten astronauts. Once the astronauts leave the spacecraft, the space When there is a vacuum outside the space suit, there is an atmospheric pressure inside the space suit. From the strength point of view, it can be imagined that it must be very strong. Otherwise, if the outside is a vacuum and there is an atmospheric pressure inside, it will explode. Therefore, the strength of the space suit must be special. Gao. The basic design of a space suit has the following layers:
Tao is the underwear layer, which is required to be light, soft, elastic, able to conduct heat, and breathable. There is a strange belt here, which contains a complex micro-monitoring system that is responsible for physiological Recording of various data (heart rate, body temperature, respiration), as well as temperature and radiation dose data inside the space suit, as dynamic monitoring of astronauts.
The second layer is the temperature regulation layer, which uses the new technology “heat pipe liquid temperature regulation”. There are a large number of PVC thin tubes arranged in this layer. There is a liquid flowing in the tubes. Through the flow of the liquid, It is very efficient to adjust the temperature of the space suit. There are three temperature levels to choose from, which are controlled by the astronauts themselves.
The third layer is the pressurized layer, which is a sealed inflatable layer made of special rubber and filled with air at an atmospheric pressure, because low air pressure must be prevented in the vacuum of the universe.
The fourth layer is the constraining layer, which has two functions: it constrains the third layer into the shape of the garment, and at the same time helps the outer layer resist the attack of tiny meteorites. It also has excellent heat insulation performance and blocks Internal and external heat exchange.
The fifth layer is the protective layer, which is a high-strength “bulletproof vest” made of very synthetic fibers. It must resist the attack of tiny meteorites flying like bullets, and it must be able to absorb the energy of cosmic rays. .
In fact, the real space suit has more than these layers. The American space suit has as many as 15 layers. This does not include the backpack carried by the astronauts. This backpack is connected to the space suit to form a A complete life support system. It includes automatic and manual equipment such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, ventilation, circulation, monitoring, filtration, power supply, oxygen supply, etc. In addition, the American space suit is also equipped with a flight system and 24 jets. The mouth can allow astronauts to control their flight path at any time. There is also an electronic communication system.
A space suit must not only use high-strength polyester and other materials, but also be supplemented by a variety of metals and adhesives. Such a “costume” is really expensive and heavy. An American space suit It is worth more than 100 million yuan. Since space suits are regarded as secrets by their respective producing countries, it is impossible for ordinary people to know the details and specific materials of their production. The technical level of a country’s space suits often also represents the country’s comprehensive scientific and technological level. .
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