Main evaluation criteria for flame retardant fabrics
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Flame retardant fabrics textile standards oxygen index fabrics
In people’s daily lives, various fire hazards are everywhere. In order to reduce fire accidents caused by flammable textiles and reduce the resulting harm to human life and property safety, the testing of textile combustion properties has attracted great attention from various countries. Textiles treated with flame retardant will reduce the burning speed to varying degrees or stop burning quickly after leaving the fire source. Therefore, flame retardant is a relative concept.
Most textile materials are flammable, and even if they are treated with flame retardant technology, it is difficult to prevent fibers from burning in flames. In view of the different uses of textiles, the flame retardant regulations formulated by various countries have gradually expanded from aircraft interior textile materials, carpets and building decoration materials to pajamas, furniture sofa covers, mattresses and interior decorations. Countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan also stipulate by law that clothing and pajamas for women, children, the elderly, and disabled people must be flame retardant and must be marked on the product.
Two standards are usually used to evaluate the flame retardant performance of fabrics:
Firstly, The evaluation is made by measuring the oxygen index (also called limiting oxygen index) of the sample. Fabrics require oxygen to burn. The oxygen index LOI is an expression of the amount of oxygen required for sample combustion. Therefore, the flame retardant performance of fabrics can be determined by measuring the oxygen index. The higher the oxygen index, the higher the oxygen concentration required to maintain combustion, which means the more difficult it is to burn. This index can be expressed by the smaller volume percentage of oxygen required for the sample to maintain candle-like combustion in a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Theoretically, as long as the oxygen index of textile materials is greater than 21% (the volume concentration of oxygen in natural air), it will be self-extinguishing in the air. According to the size of the oxygen index, textiles are usually divided into flammable (LOI35%) Four levels. In fact, almost all conventional textile materials (fibers) fall into the flammable or combustible range.
The second is to judge from the burning rate of the fabric. That is, the fabric after flame-retardant finishing is exposed to the flame for a certain period of time according to the prescribed method, and then the flame is removed, and the time for the fabric to continue burning with flames and the time for burning without flames is measured, as well as the degree of damage to the fabric. The shorter the flaming burning time and the flameless burning time, and the lower the degree of damage, the better the flame retardant performance of the fabric; on the contrary, it means the fabric has poor flame retardant performance.
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